Adjustment of the optimal timbre of the vocals

Whether it is a vocal, a singing voice, or a musical instrument, they are not a single tone, but a compound tone. That is, it is composed of the fundamental tone of the sound and a series of overtones. These overtones are all bits of fundamental frequency, which are called partial in physics, harmonic in electroacoustics, and overtones in music. It has a very important influence on the characteristics of the timbre. The frequency characteristic curve of the timbre is constituted by the number of these overtones and the amplitude of the overtones. This curve shows the expressiveness of the timbre. For example, the minimum frequency of a piano is 27.5Hz, the highest frequency is 4186Hz, and the piano has more than a dozen overtones, and its high frequency can reach 10kHx~20kHz, and generally 16 overtones or 24 overtones can be measured. These overtones can be divided into low-frequency overtones, mid-frequency overtones, and high-frequency overtones. If the amplitude of low-frequency overtones is strong, the timbre will be thick; the amplitude of mid-frequency overtones is relatively strong, and the timbre is mellow, natural and harmonious; The amplitude of high-frequency overtones is relatively strong, and the timbre is bright, clear and resolute. 

    The spectral curve is to connect the vertices of each pan-dawn amplitude of the timbre on the coordinates, and this package route is the spectral curve of this early morning color.

  The spectral curve of a timbre varies, which varies from the material structure, state and intensity of the sound body to the sound body, as well as the resonator. 

  What is the best tone? 

According to Italian bel acoustics, the intensity of the fundamental tone to the 16th overtone is connected into a straight line on the coordinates, which is called the best bel canto line, as shown in Figure 2. Then, the closer the frequency characteristic curve of a timbre is to this straight line, the ratio of low, mid and high frequency overtones of which timbre is also the most balanced, and the artistic expression of its timbre is also the best.

  In terms of beautifying and modifying the vocals, the frequency processing of the timbre can be improved through the four-band equalizer in the input channel above the mixer to improve the artistic expression of the timbre. The four-band EQ in the mixer is divided into 4 bands, which, according to the Deche Berlin Institute of Music, are: 

1 : 6-16 kHz, which affects the expressiveness and resolution of the timbre. 

2 : MID HF : 600Hz~6?kHz, which affects the brightness and clarity of the timbre. 

3 : MID HF : 200~600Hz , which affects the timbre and strength and firmness. 

4 : LF : 20~200Hz, which affects the mixing thickness and fullness of the tone. 

  If the frequency of the high frequency band is too weak, its timbre will become the loss of color, charm and personality; If the frequency of the high frequency band is too strong, the timbre will become high-pitched, hoarse, and harsh. 

  If the frequency in the mid and high frequency bands is too weak, the timbre will become dull and hazy; If the frequency in the mid and high frequencies is too strong, its timbre will become dull. 

  If the frequency of the middle and low frequency bands is too weak, the timbre will become empty, weak, and soft; If the frequency in the low and mid frequency bands is too strong, the timbre will become stiff and lose vitality. 

  If the frequency of the low frequency band is too weak, the timbre will become thin and pale; If the frequency in the low band is too strong, the timbre will become muddy. 

  To make the timbre beautiful, it is necessary to have rich and layered overtones, so that the singing voice has sound beauty, the listener sounds pleasant and beautiful, and the amount of improvement is not easy to be too strong. excessive LF (bass), muddy sound; HF (treble) is excessive, and the sound is shrill and harsh. After improving a certain frequency band, the impact on other frequency bands should be considered, and the clarity and fullness of the singing voice should be considered as a whole. 

The following introduces several tuning techniques for vocal types. 

1 : the tuning of the host 

Most of the hosts are young ladies, and their voice characteristics are clear and smooth, full of expression. She can influence the audience's emotions, so she needs to tune her tone well. 

Low intonation type: soft and delicate, can take close pickup, the microphone is very close to the mouth, which can increase the sense of intimacy and pick up slender and faint tones. Its disadvantage is that there is a near-talk effect and the low frequency is too strong. 

Specific treatment methods: 

To attenuate LF: Attenuate around 100Hz by about 6dB, and the maximum attenuation can be 10dB. 

For MID: 250dB boost at 2Hz-3kHz. 250Hz-2kHz is an important frequency band for languages. 

For HF: 3-6dB attenuation in the frequency band above 6KHz to reduce high-frequency noise. 

The host's microphone should not use the effects processor for reverberation (REV) and echo (ECHO) processing, otherwise it will lose its realism and intimacy. 

2 : Tuning to ordinary people: 

In the karaoke hall, there are some singing enthusiasts and amateur singers, and some people are just entertainment, and they sing for themselves. Some of them have no basic professional training, lack of singing skills, and even people who are not good at noise and do not know how to use microphones, among them, male voices are prone to guttural sounds and hoarseness, and female voices are prone to breath noise and vocal cord noise. 

In order to eliminate the above phenomena, the following specific measures are adopted. 

Below 100Hz, it should be cut out to eliminate low-frequency noise and make the sound purer. 

At 500-800Hz, a small amount of attenuation should be used to make the tone not too stiff. 

boost 3-6dB in the MID band to enhance brightness for clear, bright sound; 

Generally, people's voices are low and lack loudness, so the volume should be turned on louder; The frequency in the 200-300Hz range can also be boosted to increase the loudness of the sound. 

Amateur singers do not have a large dynamic range, so do not use automatic volume control. 

3 : tuning of a professional singer: 

  There are often professional singers in the karaoke hall, who are invited by friends to be guests in the karaoke hall, and sometimes sing two songs to cheer up friends and guests. Professional singers have a loud singing voice, from vocalization, sighing, spitting out words, and resonant singing skills have a certain level, and everyone has a certain singing style. 

Tuning requirements: 

It is necessary to understand the timbre characteristics of singers, network genres, and high, medium and low overtones; 

Understand the singer's vocal range width and dynamic range; 

It is necessary to be familiar with the feelings of the song and lyrics, and the basic technique of adjusting the early morning should be consistent with the artistic conception of the song; 

Pay attention to the style of the song and the singer's singing mood; 

The grade of the microphone is secondary: wide frequency response, small distortion, and large dynamics. 

Actors stand on the music scene and use the sound field of the music scene to make their timbre both electric and natural. Therefore, the music scene is required to have good acoustic characteristics. 

Female voice: The female voice is prone to producing S sound (hissing) in the high frequency part; At 7-10KHz is attenuated by 3dB, which can eliminate the S tone. 

Male voice: The male vocal range is 8 degrees lower than the female voice, the frequency is doubled one degree lower, and the attenuation is about 3dB at 100Hz, which can increase clarity.